HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION IN INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING TRENDS

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the design, evaluation, and use of interactive computer systems. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, natural language processing, and adaptive technologies has transformed the way humans interact with modern computing environments. Intelligent systems can interpret user input, provide personalised recommendations, automate tasks, and adapt their behaviour according to contextual information. However, these capabilities introduce important challenges involving usability, transparency, accessibility, privacy, trust, and user control. This paper presents a narrative literature review of the fundamental design principles and emerging trends in HCI for intelligent systems. It examines usability, consistency, feedback, accessibility, user-centred design, explainability, and human oversight. The review also discusses conversational interfaces, adaptive user interfaces, multimodal interaction, augmented and virtual reality, and human-AI collaboration. Particular attention is given to the challenges of designing systems that are understandable, inclusive, reliable, and responsive to users' needs. The paper identifies future research opportunities in personalised interaction, trustworthy AI interfaces, privacy-preserving design, context-aware systems, and evaluation methods that consider both technical performance and user experience. The review concludes that successful intelligent systems must combine computational capability with effective interaction design, enabling users to understand system behaviour, maintain meaningful control, and complete tasks efficiently and safely.